REVIEW OF CUBA

Official Name : Republic of Cuba. Capital: City of Havana, with around 2 200 000 of inhabitants, located in the northwest coast of the island in front of the Strait of the Florida.


Official language: Spanish, it is spoken English quite widespreadly and in smaller measure French and Italian.

Geographical localization: Cuba is located in the entrance of the Gulf of Mexico, in the middle of Caribbean Sea, among the parallel ones 20 and 23 grades north latitude and the meridians 74 and 85 grades longitude west.

Poblation: The total population belongs approximately to 11 200 000 inhabitants, with 101 inhabitant's population's density for km² (261 inhabitant for mi²). the population's 75% resides in urban areas and only the 25% in rural areas.

The Cuban population is formed basically for descending of Spaniards and African and for the mixture of both racial groups, the presence of descending of Chinese and other European immigrants as French, Poles and other.

Climate: The climate of Cuba is subtropical humid, with two clearly defined stations, the dry one (winter) of November to April, and the rainy one (summer) of May to October. The temperature annual average is of 25°C, the stocking in winter is of 20°C and that of summer is of 26-27°C. During the winter season it is frequent the entrance of cold fronts with inferior minimum temperatures sometimes at the 10°C. The minimum temperatures vary between 1°C and 8.5 °C in the domestic occident and enter 3°C and 12.5°C in the oriental part; the registered maximum temperatures are among 36°C 38°C.

The rains have an annual average of 1 200 mm (48 inches) with around 30% of the precipitations in the winter period and the remaining 70% in the summer and in general they are but abundant in the domestic occident that in the east.

Culture and music: The Cuban culture has been prodigal in personalities in all the cultural goods and given to the world so much musical manifestations as the they are - precursor of the so popular sauce - and the chachachá like writers and poets of José's size María Heredia, José Martí, Guillermo Goatherd Infante, Reinaldo Arenas, Sweet María Loynaz, I Move away Carpentier, José Lezama Lima, Nicolás Guillén or Eliseo Diego, or painters of grateful international fame as Wilfredo Lam, René Portocarrero or Tomás Valdés, or exponents of the dance like the National Ballet of Cuba.

The Cuban popular rhythms those but diffused they are the son , the danzon, the chachacha, the mambo, the current sauce that is a derivation of the they are. Also, making Gallic of the universality of the Cuban culture, a Cuban jazz also exists, as well as a hip hop and rap cubanos,con roots in the jazz of United States and the reggae of Jamaica and with a towering international level.

MEDICINE IN CUBA

Cuba has a system of attention to the unique considered health in Latin America, with domestic total covering. The medical services are gratuitous for all the Cubans. It exhibits the lowest infantile death rate in Latin America and one of the lowest of the world: 6,5 for each thousand born alive. The hope of life of the Cubans when being born is of 75,2 years.

Cuba is one of the six countries of the world that produce interferon (INF). it Also produces the factor of epidermal growth, very effective healing cream against the burns; the vaccine against the hepatitis B; the vaccine antimeningocócica type B (only in the world), and the estreptoquinasa recombinante, an action medication against the heart attack of the miocardio. Medications are also elaborated against the tromboembolismos, the drops in the immune system, the hypertension, the cholesterol and some forms of cancer.

COLONIZATION OF CUBA (1492 – 1762)

When Colon arrives in Cuba to October 27 in 1492, put him for name Juana in honor to the Spanish heiress. However, when being little gold in the island, Colon the abandonment in benefit of The Spaniard. In 1512 Diego Velazquez of Cuellar leads an expedition from The Spaniard with the objective of conquering Cuba for the Hispanic crown. At the end of 1514, the conquerors had seven establishments: Bararitus, Santiago from Cuba, Bayamo, Port Prince (Camagüey). Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad and primitive Havana.

Velazquez treatment of protecting the Indians of the Spanish excesses, but it was difficult. Hatauey, boss taino and leader of the Cuban resistance, I organize a rebellion, but it was captured and he/she died in the blaze.

As soon as the Spaniards came undone of Hatauey and of Guama, another leader of the revolt, they extracted the gold of the local mines and they founded country properties by means of the system of you commend that required a lot of indigenous forced manpower. Brother Bartolomé of the Houses, the "apostle of the Indians", He beg to the Spanish crown that the Indians received a treatment but human and in 1542 you commend them they were suppressed. During this period, the pock tithe to the native population and in 1550 alone they were about 5.000 dispersed survivors.

In 1522, to cover the lack of workers, the Spaniards began to care slaves from Africa. Contrary to those that were taken to North America, the Afro-Cuban ones grouped and they conserved certain own cultural elements. During this time, the cattle raising, the tobacco and the sugar became the commercial but important resources.

From half-filled of the s. XVI until half-filled of the s.XVIII, Cuba constitutes the center of a fight of power among the wealthy Spanish merchants, the pirates and the kings. The Havana was plundered in 1555, this force to the construction of strengths as much in its port as in that of Santiago from Cuba. The assaults of the pirates revealed the naval weakness of the Spaniards, and other European powers took advantage of the occasion to get bigger presence in the region. The Britons took Jamaica in 1655 the Cuban population's was subjected to a threat of constant attack; Haiti key in French hands in 1697, and some determined that Cuba was the next one.

In 1762 Spain you implies in the the Seven year-old war between Great Britain and France. With the attention Spanish setting in this conflict, June 6 the British troops disembarked in Cojimar, near of The Hbana, and 30 in the same month assaulted the castle of The Muzzle from behind; the Spaniards surrendered August 13. The Britons occupied Havana during eleven months, in those that 4.000 African slaves introduced and they opened commercial roads with their colonies in North America. At the beginning of 1790, hundred of slaves thousands were led to Cuba, after a rebellion of captive in Haiti, this consolidate the Cuban primacy in the sugar production. The Treaty of Paris 1763 returned the island to Spain in exchange for Florida and, as compensation, the Spaniards received the territory of Louisiana of French hands.